论农业面源污染最佳管理措施评价

更新时间:2024-03-27 作者:用户投稿原创标记本站原创
摘要:对农业面源污染最佳管理措施中的工程性策略和非工程性策略分析,提出用大学生文化、科技、卫生“三下乡”活动作为非工程性措施进行农业面源污染防治的一种策略,并以“压力-状态-响应”模型为基础,考虑环境、社会、经济水平等多种因素,构建了基于大学生“三下乡”活动的农业面源污染最佳管理措施指标体系,层次分析法对各指标进行了赋值。该评价体系可以较好地反映农业面源污染最佳管理措施(BMPs)中的非工程性管理措施的效果,为开展农业面源污染防治提供一定的理论依据。
关键词:农业面源污染;“三下乡”;最佳管理措施;“压力-状态-响应”模型;评价
0439-8114(2013)17-4073-04
Evaluation of Best Management Practices on Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution
MOU Xin-li1a,2,REN Jiang-lin1b,LIU Rui-min2
(1a. Key Laboratory of Water Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir; b. Research Centre for Sustainable Development of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China)
Abstract: The best management practices(BMPs) of agricultural non-point source pollution with engineering methods and non-engineering methods were discussed. College students’ “culture, science and technology, health” to the country was a new non-engineering method for agricultural non-point source pollution management. environmental, social and economic factors was considered using the Pressure-State-Response(PSR) model. In order to evaluate the best management practices of agricultural non-point source pollution based on college students’ “culture, science and technology, health” to the country, each index was assigned by analytic hierarchy process. This evaluation system could reflect the effect of non-engineering management measures on the agricultural non-point source pollution. Then a theoretical foundation was provided for further development of agricultural non-point source pollution control.
Key words: agricultural non-point source pollution; “culture, science and technology, health” to the country; BMPs; PSR model; evaluation
收稿时间:2012-10-29
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(41001352);重庆市高教改革项目(113122);重庆高校创新团队建设计划项目(渝教科2010-16);
重庆三峡学院项目(11QN-22)
作者简介:牟新利(1979-),男(土家族),湖北利川人,副教授,研究方向为流域水环境过程,(电话)15201136844(电子信箱)cqsxxymxl@163.com。
农业面源污染是一种非点源污染,是在农业生产过程中,由化肥、农药,畜禽养殖的粪便以及耕地水土流失等造成的水体污染,其主要污染物为含有氮磷的有机化合物[1]。以美国为例,40%的水体由于农业面源污染造成水质不达标,并且农业面源污染还会造成湿地退化和地下水的污染[2]。
在我国,社会经济的发展,农业面源污染使长江流域等湖泊水体富营养化日趋严重[3],即便是在干旱半干旱地区,农业面源污染情况也在加剧[4]。不同于点源污染的污水排放总量制约原则,农业面源污染更多的是综合治理的原则。其中以美国国家环保局、美国农业部提出的最佳管理措施(Best Management Practices,BMPs)在农业面源污染治理上最为成功[5]。BMPs是指工程性的策略非工程管理的措施减少水体的污染,其核心是防止削减农业面源污染的负荷,维持并推动农业生产中养分的利益最大化以及损失最小化,从而保护土壤资源并改善水体的水质[6]。

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